WORKING TOGETHER TO MAKE RABIES HISTORY

• Tujifunza kufanya kichaa cha mbwa kuwa Historia

Kichaa cha mbwa ni nini?

• Kichaa cha mbwa ni ugonjwa unaosababishwa na Virusi ambavyo huwa kwenye mate ya mnyama mngonjwa.
• Virusi hivi husambazwa kwa binadamu na wanyama kupitia kuumwa/kung’atwa na mnyama aliyeambukizwa.
• Mara tu dalili za kichaa cha mbwa zinapoanza, matokeo yake huwa ni kifo.

Nini kinasababisha kichaa cha mbwa?

• Kichaa cha mbwa kinasababishwa na Virusi, vimelea ambao ni wadogo kuliko bacteria.
• Vimelea wa Kichaa cha mbwa wakiingia mwilini hushambulia na kuharibu mfumo kati wa fahamu
• Mfumo kati wa ufahamu unajumuisha Ubongo na uti wa Mgongo.
• Mfumo wa fahamu ulio na afya ni muhimu kwa; Kufikiri, Kuhisi, kuona, kupumua, kumeza, kula, kutembea na kuongea.

Wanyama gani wanapata kichaa cha mbwa?
Virusi vya kichaa cha mbwa vinaweza kumuingia mnyama yeyote aina ya mamalia.

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• Wanyama kama vyura, Ndege na Nyoka hawawezi kupata kichaa cha mbwa
• Baadhi ya wanyama wanaoeneza kichaa cha mbwa ni, Mbwa, Popo, Mbweha na Paka
• Mbwa ndiye kisababishi kikuu cha kichaa cha mbwa kwa Binadamu Duniani kote

Mnyama mwenye kichaa cha mbwa ana dalili gani?

• Mbwa na paka wanapokuwa na kichaa cha mbwa huonyesha dalili kadhaa kama vile;
• Kuwa na uoga na kuchanganyikiwa

Atataka kung’ata binadamu na wanyama wengine

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• “Kuogopa maji" na kushindwa kumeza kutokana na matatizo kwenye koo
• Kudondokwa na mate kwa wingi
• Wanyama wa mwitu wenye ugonjwa huu hubadili tabia zao kwa mfano, wanao onekana usiku peke yake huonekana wakizurura mchana.
• Mbwa, paka, farasi, ng’ombe, kondoo na mbuzi pia huonyesha dalili za unyonge, kujiumiza au kujing’ata vile vile kutoweza kustahimili mwangaza.

Nifanye nini ili kuzuia kichaa cha mbwa?

• Hakikisha wanyama wako wamechanjwa na afisa wa kudhibiti wanyama kuzuia kichaa cha mbwa
• Ita wataalamu wa wanyama ukiona mnyama mgonjwa
• Hakikisha kuwa sehemu za kutupia makombo na taka haziwavutii wanyama wa porini
• Mnyama wa kufugwa atakiwa kuangaliwa kwa muda wa siku kumi(10) kwa dalili za kichaa cha mbwa.

Nifanye nini mnyama wangu anapomuuma mtu?

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• Mhimize mtu huyo akamwone daktari haraka iwezekanavyo.
• Mwone daktari wako wa mifugo kubaini kama chanjo ya mnyama wako iko sawa kulingana na wakati wake.
• Itabidi mnyama wako azuiliwe na aangaliwe kwa muda wa siku kumi (10) kwa dalili za kichaa cha mbwa.
• Piga ripoti kwa afisa wako punde tu utakapoona dalili za ugonjwa wa kichaa cha mbwa.
• Baada ya uchunguzi huu, hakikisha mnyama wako amepata chanjo dhidi ya kichaa cha mbwa.

Nifanye nini mnyama wangu anapoumwa?

• Mwone daktari wako wa mifugo ili mnyama huyo apate chanjo dhidi ya kichaa cha mbwa hata kama alikuwa keshachanjwa.
• Itabidi umzuilie mnyama wako na kumwangalia kwa muda wa siku arobaini na tano(45) ama zaidi kwa dalili za kichaa cha mbwa.
• Mbwa na paka ambao hawakuwa na chanjo itabidii wauwawe au wazuliwe kwa muda wamiezi sita (6).
• Wanyama wengine isipokuwa mbwa na paka, waking’atwa, itabidii wauwawe haraka iwezekanavyo

Nifanye nini ninapoumwa na mnyama?

• Usiwe na hofu! Safisha kidonda vizuri kwa kutumia maji mengi na sabuni
• Mwone daktari haraka iwezekanavyo kupata chanjo dhidi ya kichaa cha mbwa na ufuate maagizo yake.
• Wasiliana na afisa wa kudhibiti wanyama kuthibitisha kama mnyama alikuwa amechanjwa.
• Ikiwezekana, mzuilie ama mnase mnyama wa kufugwa ili aweze kuangaliwa kwa muda wa siku kumi(10) kwa dalili za kichaa cha mbwa.
• Ikiwa ni mnyama wa pori, jaribu kumnasa ikiwezekana. La sivyo itabidi auwawe bila kuharibu sehemu ya ubongo kwani utahitajika kuchunguzwa kama alikuwa na kichaa cha mbwa.
• Matibabu yanayofanyika kwa wakati mwafaka baada ya kuumwa yaweza kuzuia mtu kuambukizwa na kichaa cha mbwa.

Taarifa hii imeletwa kweni na;

KENYA WOMEN VETERINARY ASSOCIATION

IMPROVING LABORATORY DIAGNOSTIC CAPABILITY OF SOMALIA PUBLIC AND PRIVATE VETERINARIANS

IMPLEMENTORS: Kenya Women Veterinary Association

VENUE: Regional Veterinary Investigation Laboratory, Garissa

17th February to 8th March, 2010

Livestock and livestock products continue to be the major source of livelihoods and food security for pastoralists and agro-pastoralists in Southern and Central Somalia. Livestock provide food (milk and meat), a source of cash (live animals and animal products), and make the major contribution to meeting household needs and family social obligations (manure, draught power, hides, skins, and dowry disbursements, etc.). However, severe and prolonged dry seasons compounded by poor infrastructure; soaring food prices and insecurity have contributed to the households resorting to harmful coping strategies such as asset stripping exemplified by the sale of productive assets such as livestock.
The Somali pastoral context is characterized by conditions that facilitate the spread of Trans-boundary Animal Diseases (TADs). This is mainly as a result of insufficient application of disease control measures which is catalyzed by the prevailing insecurity situation in the country. Other challenges that keep on resurfacing from field reports include the lack of sufficiently qualified veterinary personnel, inadequate transport infra-structure, and lack of diagnostic capacity which is a reflection of the extensive collapse of Somali infrastructure, particularly that pertaining to human and livestock disease control.
FAO Somalia awarded a consultancy to KWVA to conduct training on improving the laboratory diagnostic capability of Somali public and private veterinarians.
The objectives of this training were;
• To develop a module for training of Somali public sector and private veterinarians on basic diagnostic laboratory techniques covering components of haematology, parasitology, bacteriology and serology.

• To improve the laboratory diagnostic skills of Somali public sector and private veterinarians from Gedo and lower Juba regions through training.




Despite the fact that Somalia has not been training the veterinary professionals from the time of the civil war, the personnel were receptive to continuous veterinary education. The trainees were fully participatory and cooperative for the whole training period. They were eager to learn more about diagnostic techniques. The importance of good laboratory practice was emphasized both in theory and in practice throughout the training.
The training marks the beginning towards improving the veterinary diagnostic capacity of public and private personnel in Somalia; a region that depends solely on the livestock sector both for food security, economic growth and sustainability due to the adverse climatic conditions.
The participants were equipped with skills on basic veterinary laboratory techniques in the following areas;
• Parasitology (faecal and blood parasites)
• Bacteriology (Preparation of basic media, inoculation and preliminary identification of bacteria)
• Serology (Agglutination techniques, precipitation techniques, CFT and ELISA)

KWVA has once again proven her prowess in successfully implementing consultancies both within and outside our country.

Training of Pastoral Women on Improved Livestock Management Practices in Magadi Division of Kajiado District

The Project was undertaken in Magadi Division of Kajiado District . The area is situated next to the Nguruman escarpment bordering Tanzania to the south, and Narok District to the west. The project activities were implemented in three administrative sub locations namely Oldonyonyokie, Kamukuru and Musenge. The predominant farming system in the area is livestock keeping by the Maasai pastoralists. Crop farming by irrigation is a minor activity practised by local Maasai and a few migrants along the Nguruman foothills. Being an ASAL zone the area is generally characterised by low livestock productivity; great variability of pasture resulting in seasonal animal/human migration in search of pasture and water. Other features include high prevalence of livestock diseases; poor infrastructure (communication and services); and concomitant high transaction costs. Figure above shows the project sites.

Project objectives
The overall objective of the KWVA Project is to contribute to pastoral development for poverty alleviation and sustainable food security through enhancing livestock management skills amongst Maasai pastoral women. The specific objectives of the Project are:

•To undertake a baseline survey of the Project area,
•Capacity building of pastoral women in livestock management,
•Facilitation of formation of women groups in Nguruman for training purposes,
•Production of training modules for Training of Trainers (ToTs) within the women groups,
•Production of a booklet on livestock issues in ASAL areas for the women groups

Project beneficiaries
The beneficiaries are women pastoralists in Magadi division of Kajiado District. KWVA aimed at training 500 women livestock keepers selected evenly to ensure even dissemination of knowledge to the community, and divided into groups of 50 thus making a total of 10 women groups

Baseline Survey of the Project area.
This was successfully conducted in 2007 by the association’s socio economist . The data generated from the survey clearly brought out the following:-

i.High illiteracy level in the Project area. Over 70% of the adult population had not gone through formal education. This was more pronounced among the women.
ii.The main source of livelihood for the community was livestock and livestock products
iii.Women have received minimal livestock extension services primarily due to the fact that a lot of the messages were passed to the community through public meetings which women do not attend. A cultural practice among the Maasai where women are not allowed to sit together with men in meetings or do not talk in such meetings, limiting women participation in development issues.
iv.Women are responsible for the care of young and sick animals.
v.Animal diseases are a major threat to livestock production,
vi.Women were involved in marketing of milk, hides and skins,
vii.Men were not supportive of a training targeting only women.
viii.Women groups were operating in the area.

These findings confirmed the need for enhanced livestock management skills within the community, and especially amongst women who cared for the young and sick animals. Furthermore, women are the ones involved in marketing of livestock products and were in dire need of appropriate skills and value addition. Hence KWVA project proposal was addressing relevant needs of the community.

It is noteworthy that Maasai men were not keen on having their women trained in isolation. Hence the project design had to be altered to take into consideration socio-cultural sensitivities in order to make it responsive to the feelings of the target population.

Facilitation of Formation of Women Groups: Change of Strategy

The baseline survey revealed that there were already women groups existing and operating in the target areas. In view of this, KWVA did not pursue formation of women groups as mentioned in the proposal document. They took on board the existing women groups and worked with them.

Capacity building Pastoralists’ Training Workshop

Capacity building was achieved through 8 workshops organised on livestock management, diseases detection, agribusiness and cross cutting issues as detailed in the KWVA training report. About 300 people were trained and 40% of them were women. The topics covered included but were not limited to:-

Trans boundary diseases (Foot and Mouth Disease, Rinderpest, Contagious Bovine Pluero- pneumonia,)
Zoonoses (Rift Valley fever, avian influenza, brucellosis, hydatidosis, rabies and anthrax)
Sheep and goat management (best breeding practices, de-worming regimes, sheep and goat pox, Contagious Caprine Pluero- Pneumonia, PPR).
Vector borne diseases and their control (ticks and tsetse fly and vector borne diseases).
Management of dogs and cats and their diseases
Donkey management
Poultry management
Livestock keeping as a business
Value addition of milk, hides and skins.
Apiculture (Bee-keeping) practices

TOT manuals

The following manuals have been produced and are in the final stage of editing:
•A Handbook on Indigenous Poultry Management in Pastoral Areas of Kenya
•A Handbook on Cattle Management in Pastoral Areas of Kenya
•A Handbook on Sheep Management in Pastoral Areas of Kenya
•A Handbook on Goat Management in Pastoral Areas of Kenya
•A Handbook on Donkey Management in Pastoral Areas of Kenya

Other achievements
In addition to the training, KWVA undertook a humanitarian mission in response to a livestock/human emergency occasioned by a prolonged drought. A field day was held in Oldonyokie and Kamukuru sub locations and the following activities were held:
•Donations of food (Maize and porridge meal) for human consumption;
•300 bales of hay and mineral supplements;
•Sheep and goat vaccinations against CCPP, sheep and goat pox (approximately 2000 animals were vaccinated);
•Treatment for sick donkeys, cattle and small ruminants;
•Vaccination of dogs against rabies; and
•Deworming sheep and goats.

Food aid and vet care given during the humanitarian mission cost approximately Kshs. 500,000.00. The mission was mutually beneficial as KWVA was able to use the field day as an opportunity to launch its project activities.

KENYA WOMEN VETERINARY ASSOCIATION PROFILE

The Kenya Women Veterinary Association (KWVA) is a specialized branch of the Kenya Veterinary Association (KVA) comprising of Kenyan women Veterinarians. Women veterinarians in Kenya are about 10% of the total veterinary profession and as such, being the minority, realized the need to form an organization of their own to enhance their professionalism, safeguard their welfare and that of smallholder farmers, most of whom are women.

Currently it has a membership of fifty (50) registered members drawn from all over the country and working in various institutions that include government departments, local research institutions, international research institutions, universities, private sector and non-governmental organizations. The organization is non-profit making and members operate purely on voluntary basis deriving most of its funds from member’s annual subscriptions and contributions from pharmaceutical companies, well-wishers and development partners.

The organization operates on a purely voluntary basis deriving most of its funds from members contributions and occasionally friends of the organization.

We have four main objectives namely;

• To promote the advancement of women veterinarians by working jointly with other gender sensitive groups in exploring appropriate options for its members to combine professional advancement and other commitments.
• To promote livestock production by supporting farmers through gender balanced extension.
• To encourage the girl child to enter the profession
• To participate actively in affairs and play a role in leadership.

Our activities include;

• Supporting government emergency intervention efforts and vaccination campaigns to control epizootics under contractual obligations with the government. KWVA members have been actively involved in training of field staff and other livestock stakeholders on disease recognition, both clinical and on post mortem, and control of emerging diseases such as PPR, Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza, RVF and Rinderpest.
• Providing quality veterinary support to stakeholders in the livestock sector countrywide through extension, participatory trainings and field days (free animal health clinics). Currently, KWVA has an ongoing two-year Commonwealth Veterinary Association (CVA) funded project whose overall objective is to enhance livestock husbandry skills amongst Maasai pastoral women and finally produce training manuals to be used by frontline extension workers.
• By following issues of advancement and promotion of its members and encouragement of the girl child to undertake courses that will lead to veterinary or other related professions.
• Participating in scientific conferences with KVA and other regional branches.
• Presenting to local and international conferences on development issues for the animal resource industry.

Our members are involved in their individual capacities in National and International projects and services in various professional roles. The organization is endowed with women professionals with vast experiences in different areas of specialization that include training of veterinary field personnel and farmers on recognition and control of animal diseases.